Creating User Issued Assets

1. Creating User Issued Assets (UIAs)
There are many reasons to create assets. Peerplays allows individuals and companies to create and issue their own tokens for anything they can imagine. The potential use cases for these User Issued Assets (UIAs) are innumerable. On the one hand, UIAs can be used as simple event tickets deposited on the customers mobile phone to enter a concert or movie. On the other hand, they can be used for crowd funding, ownership tracking, or even to sell equity of a company in form of stock. UIAs are incredibly versatile and can help solve a plethora of use cases like...
event tickets
reputation points
loyalty reward points
flight miles
company shares
fan credits
crowd funding
digital property
All you need to do is to define your preferred parameters for your coin, such as supply, precision, symbol, and description to see your coin’s birth after only a few seconds. From that point on, you can issue some of your coins to whomever you want, sell them, and see them instantly traded against any other existing coin on Peerplays.
Unless you want some restrictions, as the issuer, you have certain privileges over your coin. For instance, you can allow trading only in certain market pairs and define who actually is allowed to hold your coin by using whitelists and blacklists. An issuer can opt-out of their privileges indefinitely for the sake of trust and reputation.
As the owner of your new coin, you don’t need to take care of all the technical details of blockchain technology, such as distributed consensus algorithms, blockchain development, or integration. You don’t even need to run any mining equipment or servers, at all.
The regulations that apply to each kind of token vary widely and are often different in every jurisdiction. Hence, Peerplays comes with tools that allow issuers to remain compliant with all applicable regulations when issuing assets assuming regulators allow such assets in the first place.
1.1. User Issued Assets vs. Market Issued Assets
A User Issued Asset allows the issuer to control the supply of the asset. A Market Issued Asset (MIA, and also known as a Market Pegged Asset, MPA, or Smart Coin) puts the control of the asset's supply in the hands of the market.
Market issued assets are used for pegging the value of an asset to another underlying asset. This type of asset requires collateral to back its value and a fair market price feed so the market can automatically trigger margin calls to balance the market asset value. Market issued assets will be the subject of another guide.
User issued assets are controlled and distributed by the issuing user. This guide will focus on the creation of UIAs.
1.2. Creating Assets
create_asset
This function creates a new user issued or market issued asset. Many of the asset's options can be changed later using update_asset. You must provide raw JSON data structures for the options object.
return type, namespace, & method
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signed_transaction graphene::wallet::wallet_api::create_asset(
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    string issuer, 
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    string symbol, 
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    uint8_t precision, 
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    asset_options common, 
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    fc::optional<bitasset_options> bitasset_opts, 
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    bool broadcast = false)
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Function Call
The basic structure of the create_asset function looks like this:
When using the cli_wallet...
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create_asset <issuer> <symbol> <precision> <common> null true
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Parameters
name
data type
description
details
issuer
string
The name or id of the account who will pay the fee and become the issuer of the new asset. This can be updated later.
n/a
symbol
string
The ticker symbol of the new asset.
n/a
precision
uint8_t
The number of digits of precision to the right of the decimal point, must be between 0 and 12 (inclusive).
min 0, max 12
common
asset_options
Asset options required for all new assets. See section 1.4. Asset Options for details.
n/a
bitasset_opts
bitasset_options
Options specific to market issued assets. Put null here for a UIA. Put {} here for a market issued asset with the default price feed settings. Or you can price feed details here.
null for UIAs!
broadcast
bool
true or false, whether or not you want to broadcast the transaction.
n/a
Example Call
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create_asset "1.2.18" "BTFUN" 8 {"max_supply" : 1000000000000000,"market_fee_percent" : 0,"max_market_fee" : 1000000000000000,"issuer_permissions" : 79,"flags" : 0,"core_exchange_rate" : {"base": {"amount": 1,"asset_id": "1.3.0"},"quote": {"amount": 1,"asset_id": "1.3.1"}},"whitelist_authorities" : [],"blacklist_authorities" : [],"whitelist_markets" : [],"blacklist_markets" : [],"description" : "BitFun token with precision 8"} null true
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In this example call we used the following settings for the common parameter:
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{
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  "max_supply" : 1000000000000000,
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  "market_fee_percent" : 0,
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  "max_market_fee" : 1000000000000000,
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  "issuer_permissions" : 79,
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  "flags" : 0,
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  "core_exchange_rate" : {
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    "base": {
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      "amount": 1,
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      "asset_id": "1.3.0"
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    },
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    "quote": {
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      "amount": 1,
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      "asset_id": "1.3.1"
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    }
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  },
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  "whitelist_authorities" : [],
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  "blacklist_authorities" : [],
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  "whitelist_markets" : [],
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  "blacklist_markets" : [],
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  "description" : "BitFun token with precision 8"
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}
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Please see section 1.4. Asset Options for an explanation of the common parameter!
Important Note:
The null for the second to last parameter is essential for making a user issued asset. 
A set of curly braces, {} for the parameter could be used to construct a market issued asset, but that is the subject of another guide.
1.3. Updating Assets
A UIA can be modified by the issuer after its creation. A separate call, update_asset, has been created for this purpose.
What can and cannot be changed? Except for the symbol and precision, every parameter, option, or setting can be updated.
Note that once a permission is removed, it can never be re-enabled again!
update_asset
This function updates the core options on an asset. There are a number of options which all assets in the network use. These options are enumerated in the asset_object::asset_options struct. This command is used to update these options for an existing asset.
return type, namespace, & method
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signed_transaction graphene::wallet::wallet_api::update_asset(
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    string symbol, 
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    optional<string> new_issuer, 
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    asset_options new_options, 
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    bool broadcast = false)
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Function Call
The basic structure of the update_asset function looks like this:
When using the cli_wallet...
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update_asset <symbol> <new_issuer> <new_options> true
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Parameters
name
data type
description
details
symbol
string
The ticker symbol of the existing asset being updated.
n/a
new_issuer
string
If changing the asset’s issuer, the name or id of the new issuer. null if you wish to remain the issuer of the asset.
n/a
new_options
asset_options
The new asset_options object, which will entirely replace the existing options. See section 1.4. Asset Options for details.
n/a
broadcast
bool
true or false, whether or not you want to broadcast the transaction.
n/a
Example Call
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update_asset "BTFUN" null {"max_supply" : 1000000000000000,"market_fee_percent" : 50,"max_market_fee" : 1000000000000000,"issuer_permissions" : 79,"flags" : 0,"core_exchange_rate" : {"base": {"amount": 1,"asset_id": "1.3.0"},"quote": {"amount": 1,"asset_id": "1.3.1"}},"whitelist_authorities" : [],"blacklist_authorities" : [],"whitelist_markets" : [],"blacklist_markets" : [],"description" : "BitFun token for fun!"} true
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In this example call we used the following settings for the common parameter:
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{
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  "max_supply" : 1000000000000000,
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  "market_fee_percent" : 50,
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  "max_market_fee" : 1000000000000000,
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  "issuer_permissions" : 79,
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  "flags" : 0,
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  "core_exchange_rate" : {
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    "base": {
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      "amount": 1,
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      "asset_id": "1.3.0"
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    },
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    "quote": {
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      "amount": 1,
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      "asset_id": "1.3.1"
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    }
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  },
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  "whitelist_authorities" : [],
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  "blacklist_authorities" : [],
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  "whitelist_markets" : [],
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  "blacklist_markets" : [],
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  "description" : "BitFun token for fun!"
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}
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Please see section 1.4. Asset Options for an explanation of the common parameter!
Using update_asset will overwrite all the perviously set options with the new options you enter here. So make sure all the options you need are present in the new options object!
1.4. Asset Options
The asset_options object contains the options that are common to all assets. This is why it's necessary to supply for both UIAs and MIAs. The options need to be passed as a raw JSON object that contains these settings:
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{
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   "max_supply" : <number>
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   "market_fee_percent" : <number>
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   "max_market_fee" : <number>
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   "issuer_permissions" : <number>,
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   "flags" : <number>,
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   "core_exchange_rate" : {
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       "base": {
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         "amount": <number>,
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         "asset_id": "1.3.0"
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       },
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       "quote": {
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         "amount": <number>,
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         "asset_id": <this asset's ID>
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       }
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   },
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   "whitelist_authorities" : [],
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   "blacklist_authorities" : [],
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   "whitelist_markets" : [],
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   "blacklist_markets" : [],
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   "description" : <string>
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}
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Let's break these down one-by-one. Pay special attention to the permissions and flags as they are the most complicated part of the options object.
key
description
example value
max_supply
The maximum amount of this asset that can exist in circulation. This number is in Satoshi.
So if you want a max supply of 100 tokens, and the asset has a precision of 2, the max_supply value should be 10000.
100.00 (100 tokens with precision of 2)
10000 (and remove the decimal point)
10000
market_fee_percent
 If market fees of a UIA are turned on, fees have to be payed for each market transaction. The issuer can claim these fees. If the fee is set to 1%, the issuer will earn 1% of market volume as profit. 

This is set in hundredths of one percent.
So if you want 0.3%...
0.3% = 0.003
(hundredth of one percent) 100 / 0.01 = 10,000
0.003 * 10,000 = 30 (our value for the 0.3% fee we want)
30
max_market_fee
The maximum amount to charge for any market transaction. This is set in Satoshi as well.
If you want the max fee to be only 1 token...
1.00 (1 token with precision of 2)
100 (and remove the decimal point)
100
issuer_permissions
This represents the permissions available to the issuer of the asset. If any permission is ever set to false, that permission can never be set to true again. See the permissions & flags section below to learn how to set this number.
79
flags
This number represents the settings which correspond to the permissions available when setting the issuer_permissions. See the permissions & flags section below to learn how to set this number.
0
core_exchange_rate
This part of the options sets up the exchange rate between this new asset and PPY, the core asset of Peerplays. See the exchange rate section below to learn how to set this option.
a JSON object (see exchange rate section below)
whitelist_authorities
The white/blacklist authorities options allows you to list custom authorities. The whitelists and blacklists of accounts with these authorities are combined and serve as white/blacklists for the asset. This allows for easy outsourcing of KYC/AML verification to 3rd-party providers.
[issuer123, kycprovider]
blacklist_authorities
Same as whitelist_authorities.
[issuer123, kycprovider]
whitelist_markets
An issuer of a UIA may want to restrict trading pairs for their assets for legal reasons. You can chose to restrict trading pairs with white/blacklists.
[BTC, USDT]
blacklist_markets
Same as whitelist_markets.
[PPY]
description
A string that describes the asset.
"My fancy new token"
permissions & flags
Permissions and flags go together. Permissions settings determine if the issuer has the ability to update the corresponding flags. The flags are the actual on-off switches for the various asset options. Here are the available flags and their effects:
charge_market_fee: an issuer-specified percentage of all market trades in this asset is paid to the issuer.
white_list: accounts must be white-listed in order to hold this asset.
override_authority: issuer may transfer asset back to their own account from another account.
transfer_restricted: require the issuer to be one party to every transfer.
disable_force_settle: disable force settling.
global_settle: (only for MIAs) allows market asset issuer to force a global settling - this may be set in permissions, but should not be set as a flag. Unless, for instance, a prediction market has to be resolved. If this flag has been enabled, no further shares can be borrowed!
disable_confidential: allow the asset to be used with confidential transactions.
witness_fed_asset: allow the asset to be fed by witnesses.
committee_fed_asset: allow the asset to be fed by the committee.
The permissions/flags in the asset_details are integers and are a sum of the following mapping:
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"charge_market_fee" = 0x01 (1)
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"white_list" = 0x02 (2)
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"override_authority" = 0x04 (4)
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"transfer_restricted" = 0x08 (8)
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"disable_force_settle" = 0x10 (16)
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"global_settle" = 0x20 (32)
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"disable_confidential" = 0x40 (64)
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"witness_fed_asset" = 0x80 (128)
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"committee_fed_asset" = 0x100 (256)
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So in our case, we set flags to 0, which means all of these are disabled initially. The permissions is set to 79, which means that "charge_market_fee", "white_list", "override_authority", and "disable_confidential" are able to be modified later. The other properties are immutable since they were set to false initially.
exchange rate
The core_exchange_rate option consists of a base section and a quote section:
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"core_exchange_rate" : {
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       "base": {
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         "amount": 21,           # denominator
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         "asset_id": "1.3.0"     # PPY
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       },
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       "quote": {
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         "amount": 76399,        # numerator
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         "asset_id": "1.3.1"     # This new asset
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       }
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The idea is to create a ratio of an amount of PPY and an amount of the new asset.
In this example, we have 21 PPY and 76,399 of the new asset (BTFUN). This would make the exchange rate 3,638.05 BTFUN per 1 PPY. (76399 / 21 = 3,638.05)
The asset_id in the base section will always be "1.3.0", the ID of PPY.
The asset_id in the quote section will be unknown at the time the asset is being created. That's ok. Putting "1.3.1" here will be detected and overwritten by the blockchain with the new ID. Then you can get the new ID with the get_asset function.
1.5. Issuing Assets
So far creating assets with create_asset doesn't actually produce the new tokens into anyone's account. For that we use the issue_asset function.
issue_asset
Issues new shares of an asset that exists via create_asset.
return type, namespace, & method
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signed_transaction graphene::wallet::wallet_api::issue_asset(
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    string to_account, 
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    string amount, 
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    string symbol, 
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    string memo, 
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    bool broadcast = false)
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Function Call
The basic structure of the issue_asset function looks like this:
When using the cli_wallet...
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issue_asset <to_account> <amount> <symbol> <memo> true
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Parameters
name
data type
description
details
to_account
string
The name or id of the account to receive the new shares.
n/a
amount
string
The amount to issue, in nominal units.
Example: 0.5 for half a token
symbol
string
The ticker symbol of the asset to issue.
n/a
memo
string
A memo to include in the transaction, readable by the recipient.
n/a
broadcast
bool
true or false, whether or not you want to broadcast the transaction.
n/a
Example Call
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issue_asset "myfriend1" 1000 "BTFUN" "Enjoy some BitFun, Friend!" true
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2. Reserved Tokens
Some token names (symbols) are reserved by the blockchain because they are assets that already exist, on or off-chain. This is to avoid confusion and prevent scams. The most popular assets have been reserved and are listed below. The symbols listed here are controlled by the Peerplays SONs son-account. If a genuine user wants to create an asset with the symbol, the SONs will raise a proposal and the Witnesses will vote to transfer the ownership to the user.
2.1. List of Reserved Tokens
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AAVE
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ADA
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ALGO
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AMP
5
ATOM
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AVAX
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BCH
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BNB
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BSV
10
BTCB
11
BTS
12
BUSD
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CAKE
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CRO
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DAI
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DOGE
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DOT
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EGR
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EOS
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ETC
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ETH
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FEI
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FIL
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FTT
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HBD
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HIVE
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ICP
28
KLAY
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LEO
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LINK
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LTC
32
LUNA
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MATIC
34
MIOTA
35
MKR
36
NEO
37
SBD
38
SHIB
39
SOL
40
STEEM
41
TFUEL
42
THETA
43
TRX
44
UNI
45
USDC
46
USDT
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UST
48
VET
49
WBNB
50
WBTC
51
XLM
52
XMR
53
XRP
54
XTZ
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3. Related Documents
The functions listed in this guide will cost transaction fees. To calculate how much PPY you'll need to make these transactions and meet your development goals, please see the Calculating Costs guide.
Role Based Permissions API
Next - Development Guides
Introduction to Permissions
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Contents
1. Creating User Issued Assets (UIAs)
1.1. User Issued Assets vs. Market Issued Assets
2.1. List of Reserved Tokens
3. Related Documents